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Wellheads and Xmas Trees assembly on a drilling rig

Wellheads and Xmas tree are two different units but are integral part of a drilling rig. Their functionalities vary a lot. Together they have some objectives and in individual aspect they have some different functions. This article illustrates in concise manner about the two equipments and their assembly. It provides a glimpse about the functions of the equipments. The equipments are means of support for whole assembly in deep further these are used to control the flow of production.

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In a drilling rig the tubular goods show the casing and tubing strings just poking out at the surface and going deep in the well to extract the fluid. Each of the casings and tubing has to be suspended at the surface and each annular space has to be sealed at the surface. The assembly of equipment which does support these valves is known as a wellhead and Xmas tree.

The function of this assembly can be listed as:

• To secure and suspend the casing and tubing strings.

• To seal the annular spaces between the casing and tubing strings

• Provide means of access into the annular spaces

• Control the flow of reservoir fluids at the surface.

The complete assembly could be considered as two units. The wellhead being the one and the Xmas tree the other.

Wellhead

The well head is the lowermost portion of the assembly. It is made up of a number of components which together suspend and secure the strings and seal off the annuli. Within the components provision is made for access into the annuli.

Xmas Tree

Before the well can produce oil or gas a system of valves and fittings are placed on top of the tubing head. This system is called the Xmas tree. Its function is to control the flow of fluids at the surface. It also permits access into the well tubing during well servicing. When drilling is completed and all the casings and tubing are installed, the BOP stack is removed and the Xmas tree fitted. It is only when all this has been done and the well perforated that the well is ready to produce fluids.